It’s complicated, I have prepared the virtual machine using VMWare Workstation and a non-proxed connection, it worked well, then I have deployed the VM to prouction ESXi environment (that’s behind a proxy).
I have configured the Linux box proxy parameters( I have no problems with apt-get update etc etc) but I’m stuck with Docker.
I will move again the VM from ESXi to VMWare for updating, then I will re-deploy it but it’s a waste of time 
EDIT
Also, I cannot ping the remote server:
C:\Users\thatguy>ping registry-1.docker.io
Pinging registry-1.docker.io [34.239.237.19] with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.